Editorial: Biofuels – ethical issues

’Biofuels are gaining increased public and scientific attention, driven by factors such as oil price spikes, the need for increased energy security, and concern over greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels,’ begins Wikipedia’s entry on biofuels. Four thousand or so words later, at the bottom of the page, are three lines on the possible drawbacks of biofuel production.

Those drawbacks were the subect of an 18-month inquiry into current UK and European biofuel policies by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, which has just published its findings.

Biofuel production has led to some serious problems, particularly in developing countries. UK and European policies have demonstrably failed to prevent deforestation and the displacement of indigenous people as land has been cleared for biofuel-rich crops such as maize and sugar cane . 

In its report Biofuels: ethical issues  (available on the Nuffield website the Nuffield Council recommends a set of overarching ethical conditions for all biofuels produced in and imported into Europe, including: 

• Biofuels development should not be at the expense of human rights 
• Biofuels should be environmentally sustainable 
• Biofuels should contribute to a reduction of greenhouse emissions 
• Biofuels should adhere to fair trade principles 
• Costs and benefits of biofuels should be distributed in an equitable way 

The authors of the report have called on the UK government to encourage research into new types of biofuels that need less land, produce fewer greenhouse gases and do not compete with food production. 

Bea Perks, acting editor