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The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 has imposed several challenges on the current healthcare system around the world. Despite the significant effort to contain the COVID-19 epidemic, the situation has entered a vicious stage without any proven prophylaxis strategy for the treatment of mild, moderate, and severe conditions. Though there are diverse therapeutics at various stages of development, the utilization of traditional medicine offers a requisite immune response to different phases of COVID-19 infection. As herbal-based drugs present a conventional knowledge, in this review we have provided a pragmatic classification of medicinal plants based upon suitable immunomodulation properties at multiple stages starting from prevention to contagion, such as infection, immunosuppression, and stages involving multi-organ failure as well as recovery management. Systematic compilation and classification of plant-based bioactive chemicals was carried out for mild, moderate, and severe conditions COVID-19 and relevant clinical trials. The traditional medicinal approaches with the ongoing therapeutic system have the potential to provide effective treatments, improving the synergistic effects and prioritization of plant-based bioactive compounds in combating SARS-CoV-2.